This process occurs, for example, in many asteroid echinoderms through splitting of the central disk. In other organisms, part of the individual separates and forms a second individual. Some unicellular eukaryotic organisms undergo binary fission by mitosis. After a period of growth, an organism splits into two separate organisms. Fissionįission, also called binary fission, occurs in prokaryotic microorganisms and in some invertebrate, multi-celled organisms. There are a number of ways that animals reproduce asexually. An additional advantage of asexual reproduction is that colonization of new habitats may be easier when an individual does not need to find a mate to reproduce. On the other hand, the rapid rates of asexual reproduction may allow for a speedy response to environmental changes if individuals have mutations. In an unstable or unpredictable environment asexually-reproducing species may be at a disadvantage because all the offspring are genetically identical and may not have the genetic variation to survive in new or different conditions. In a stable or predictable environment, asexual reproduction is an effective means of reproduction because all the offspring will be adapted to that environment. A single individual can produce offspring asexually and large numbers of offspring can be produced quickly. Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical to the parent because the offspring are all clones of the original parent. Asexual reproduction occurs in prokaryotic microorganisms (bacteria) and in some eukaryotic single-celled and multi-celled organisms.
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